Cooking-stove.



J. B. LEONARD.

COOKING STOVB.

APPLICATION FILED 11017.12, 1910.

1,053,837. Peteneed Feb. 18,1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

1 ATTORNEYS J. E. LEONARD.

COOKING STOVE.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 12, 1910.

Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

IIIlllllllllllllllllIIIIIlllllIllllIllllllllllllllIllllllIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllll||l|| ATTORNEYS COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH co.wAsHxNGTON. D. C.

J. BLEUNARD.

COOKING STOVE. APPLICATION PI-LED NOV. l2, 1910..

Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ATTRNEYS JOSEPH EARL LEONARD, OF SPRINGFIELD. MISSOURI.

COOKING-STOVE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

Application filed November 12, 1910. Serial No. 591,954.

To all 'whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH E. LEONARD, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Springfield, county of Greene, and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cooking Stoves, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is an improvement in cooking stoves, and consists in certain novel constructions, and combinations of parts, hereinafter described andclaimed.

The object of the invention is to provide a stove of the character specified having an oven arranged above the rebox and so constructed that the oven is ventilated and the heat evenly distributed throughout; a stove whereby a direct draft is heated to an intense heat before enteringthe fire from p `and extending across plate 13 not to exbelow the firebox, and wherein a secondary draft is heated to an intense heat before being admitted above the bed of burning fuel.

Referring to the drawings forming a part hereof: Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section of the improvement on the line 1 1 of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a similar view on the yline 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the stove casing with the top removed, and Fig.A 5 is a partial rear view of the stove casing.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, the stove is composedof sheet metal, and comprises a body casing 1, substantially rectangular in cross section, the lower edge of the casing being offset outwardly as shown at 2, to forni a base.

A bottom plate 3 is arranged transversely of the casing above the offset portion, the saidv plate having its edges flanged at 4, ands'ecured to the casing by rivets 5. An opening is provided in the front wall of the casing, the lower edge ofthe opening being atapproximately the level of the bottom plate, and a door 6 normally closes the opening. The door is hinged at its lower edge at 7 to the casing, and is pro-vided with a suitable catch 8. The top 9 of the stove is of heavier material as shown, and is provided with the usual openings covered by stove lids 10. The lire box 11 is formed by a botto-m grate 12, a front plate 13, a back plate 14, and

the usual end plates 15.

The back plate 14 is removable, the lower edge sliding in a groove 16 in the rear bar of bottom grate, and the upper edge is laterally flanged at 17, and rests in a notch or rabbet 18 in a plate 19 arranged transversely of the casing a short distancebelow the top 9 of the stove, to form, with the top and ends of the casing, a smoke passage 20. The front plate 13 and the end plates 15 of the fire box are also removable, and the former has a lateral flange 21 at its lower edge which rests in a groove 22 in the front bar of the grate. The upper edge of the plate is also flanged laterally at 23, and the edge of the flange is received in a groove 24 at the frontof the casing. Thus the plate 13, flanges 21 and 23 and adjoining casing side form air chamber C.

Adjacent to the flange 23, parallel to it vand in line with the upper face o-f the flange 23, a plate 27 is arranged, extending between extensions 28 of the ends of the casing. A door 29 ishinged to the free edge of the plate 27 at 32, and closes against the top of the casing. The upper edge of the door is flanged laterally at 30, and the flange rests in a notch oru rabbet 3l in the to El bracket 33 is secured to the door 29 near each end, and a hollow rod 34 extends between the brackets, forming a handle for opening and closing the door. The said door is the fire box door, through which fuel is introduced. The door 6 is the ash pit door, and an ash pan 35 rests upon the bottom plate 3, adjacent to the doo-r 6.

A baffle plate is arranged transversely of the casing at the rear thereof, the said plate comprising a substantially7 rectangular portion 36, and a substantially vertical portion 37, the latter having its free edge forwardly curved at 38. The plate is held to the end walls of the casing by means of rivets 39, passing through flanges 40 on the ends of the plate. The baille plate is arranged with the portion 36 approximately parallel with the plate 19, and with the portion 37 approximately parallel with the back plate 14 of the fire box, and a second baflle plate 41 is secured to the front wall of the casing below the fire box, by means of rivets 42,

passing through a flange 43 on the plate. The plate 41 and the portion 38 of the plates Sti-37 deflect and guide the ashes and cinders into the ash pan, and the plates 36-8738 form with the plates 14 and 19,

a conduit or passage for air to the lire box,

the said passage communicating with the atmosphere through an opening 44, in the rear wall of the casing. The said passage is the direct draft passage for the lire, and a draft door 45 is provided for the opening, and is hinged to the casing at 46, for regulating the draft through `the passage. The passage 20 before mentioned communicates by means of an elbow 47, with a pipe 48, extending vertically to the oven to be described.

'Ihe oven consists of a substantially rectangular casing 49 supported above the casing 1, by means of brackets 50, and the casing 49 is provided with an opening 51 in its top, encircled by a collar 52, and with an opening in its front, closed by a door 53, hinged by its lower edge at 54 to the casing, and provided with a handle 55. Near the top and bottom of the oven, and spaced apart therefrom, plates 56 and 57 are arranged transversely of the casing. The ends of the said plates are spaced from the ends of the oven, and are connected by end plates 58, thus forming a central compartment for containing the articles to be baked, and upper and lower compartments connected by end compartments or passages.

The lower compartment communicates with the pipe 48, and the upper compartment communicates with the flue, not shown, by means of the opening 51. The heated gases from the fire in the lire box pass through the passages 20-47 and 48, to the lower compartment of the oven, thence by the end passages to the upper compartment and to the flue.

A baffle plate 70 is arranged below bottom plate 57, said plate being arched downwardly, and having at its center a V-shaped extension to divide the heated gases and deflect them to each side of the oven. This plate is joined and secured to back oven casing by rivets or bolts and its sides are curved outward and around the corners formed by the junction of plates 58 to plate 57, and back against plates 58 and are secured to the said plates 58 by rivets or bolts. Front edge of plate 70 secured to front oven casing by means of groove provided therein. The plate 70 thus placed a short distance from and adjacent to plate 57 thus forms air passage a, said air passage being of greatest depth at back and least depth at front and proportionately graduated between, owing to inclined construction of plate 70 from back to front. Air passage a connects to outside atmospheres by means Losses? of small openings Z) in rear of oven casing, and located 1n rear between plates 57 and '70. Each of the plates 58 .is provided with a transverse series 59 of openings near its connection with the plate 57 and opening into passage a, and the said plate 57 is provided with a similar series G0 near its front edge and also opening into passage a. The upper plate 56 is also provided with a similar series G1, near its rear edge and opening into upper oven compartment. Air entering passage a through openings b is heated to an intense heat by coming in contact with plate 70 which in turn is heated by the hot gases entering lower oven compartment from pipe 48, this air then travels forward and up into inner oven compartment through openings 59 and 60, on through oven as indicated by the arrdws as shown in Fig. 1, and out top of oven through openings 61, thus distributing the heat and ventilating the oven.

The improved oven is supported in a position easily accessible without stooping, and the size of the oven is to a certain extent independent of the size of the stove, and may be much larger proportionately than the stove. In addition, the oven constructed as above described, will heat uniformly since the intense heat of plate 70 is distributed throughout oven by means of the current of air and this current of superheated air thus ventilates the oven perfectly insuring more perfect and uniform baking.

Then the draft door 45 is opened, the air entering comes into contact with the plate 19, and with the back plate 14, both of which are heated by the heated gases passing to the oven. The said air is thus intensely heated, reaching a temperature of approximately 600o F. From a scientific and economic standpoint this feature is important. Since in the process of combustion, the union of oxygen and carbon is more perfect and complete at higher temperatures, the combustion will thus be more complete than is ordinarily provided in ranges. In the ordinary range, in which t-he outside air is admitted direct to the fire the first physical eiect of the heat upon the air is its expansion and this necessarily takes place in the most confined space, namely, in the interstices of the fuel. Though the air is moving upward, this expansive force acts downward as well as other directions thus retarding the draft to a certain extent. In this stove since the air is preheated its expansion upon entering the fire is less and thus a stronger draft is created. Also since the air is preheated the nitrogen associated with the oxygen and which is not a supporter of combustion, thus abstracts less heat from the body of fuel and burning gases. Thus it results that from an equal amount of fuel -63 .perrnifnair'enterimg t each of the said plates 62 curves and an equal draft the temperature is much higher in the range in question than in an ordinary,v stove. In otherwords, vthe necessary temperature is obtained with a less amount of fuel. l

In addition to theA direct draft, 'a secondary draft is provided.i From an' inspection of theplate 19 iscur.v ed transversely, being arranged with its concave face upwardly. :A plate 62 is connected to each side edgeof the plate 19, by means of rivets, as shown, and outwardly and upwardly to a connection with the top of the stove. Each of the said plates is also provided with a lateral extension 62a extending laterally outward into engagement with theadjac'ent side of the casing 1. Each of the said plates 62 and its extension forms with the casing a triangular passage 63, each of the said passages leading forwardly. The plates 62 and their extension 62a extend from the rear of the casing 1 to the air chamber at the front of the stove, and the passages i rough openings 64 at the rear of. the stoveto pa's'sinto the chamber C and from thence into the fire box i above the fire. This draft also has many advantages both from a scientific and economic.

standpoint. Since this air is heated to an intense heat of from 600 to 700 degrees F. before passing over the re it readily combines with and creates combustion of they gases which are escaping from the bed of fuel andwhich would otherwise escape up the chimney unburned. In burning coal these gases, which are greater in quantity when fresh fuel has been added, consist of carbonio oxid and the different hydrocarbons which are easily combustible if the necessary amount of oxygen is admitted at the right temperature. Thus it is that by the use of this secondary preheated draft the waste gases are burned which means economy of fuel, and almost perfect and smokeless combustion is obtained. Since this secondary preheated draft is constant it answers the above described purpose only when the bed of fuel is giving olf the gases mentioned, that is after the bed of fuel is coked, or in other words after all the gases are given off this secondary preheated draft answers the purpose of keeping up a continual hot draft across the bed of fuel, under the lids and around the oven even if the direct preheated draft is closed and without burning a great amount of fuel. This draft also prevents the lids from overheating in' proportion to the oven temperature as it tends to force the heat around the oven which would otherwise be retained largely under the lids.

The stove casing 1 is provided with the usual side shelves 65, and the draft door 45 is provided with a handle 66 for operating Figs. 2 and 4 it will be noticed that the same. Flue strips 67 are arranged in the space below the baflie plate 70 of the oven, oneon each side of the opening of the pipe 48, to deflect the heat frontward and uplward.'` The said plates are of lesser height than the space, so that a portion of the gases may pass over them. I 1 l;

The outer wall of the oven casing is preferably double,'and-sheets 68 `of asbestos, or other heat non-conducting material, are arranged between the walls. Baffie plates 69 are also provided at the upper corners of the casing in the space and the top of the casing.

I claim:

1. A cookingl stove comprising a casing having a fire box, and a 'passa-ge for the heated gases leading from the fire box beneath the top of the casing to the rear thereof, said casing having a draft passage leading to a point below the fire box and adapted to communicate therewith, and having other draft passages leading to the front of the ire box and delivering over the burning fuel supported in the fire box, said passages being arranged one on each side of the firstnamed passage and delivering atV the ends of the fire box, and a draft door controlling the first-named draft passage.

2. A cooking stove comprising a casing having a lire box, and a passage for the heated gases leading neath the to-p of the casing to the rear there- `of, said casing having a draft passage leading to a point below the fire box and adapted to communicate therewith, and having other draft passages leading' to the `front of the fire box and delivering over the burning fuel supported in the fire box, said passages being arranged one on each side of the first-named passage and delivering at the ends of the fire box.

3. A stove comprising a casing provided with a. lire box, and having a passage for the outlet gases leading from the re box to the rear of the casing, and having a draft passage arranged directly below the passage for the outlet gases, and leading to a point below the grate of the fire box and communicating with the fire box through the grate, said casing having other draft passages leading from the rear of the stove to the front of the fire box and communicating with the fire box above the level of the fuel supported by the grate, one of'said passages being arranged on each side of the passage for the outlet gases, and a damper for controlling the first-named passage.

4. A stove comprising a casing provided with a fire box, and having a passage for the outlet gases leading from the fire box to the rearof the casing, and having a sage arranged directly below the passage for the outlet gases, and leading to a point below from the fire box bedraft pasa the grate of the re box and communcatin ranged on each side of the passage for tbe with tl re bolli thlough the gratle, Csai outlet gases. v Casin avin ot er aft assa es ea n fromgthe reaxzgof the stove t) the fgront of thr JOSEPH EARL LEONARD? 5 fire boX and communicating with lthe re Witnesses:

box above the level of the fuel supgorted by A. A. JOHNSON,l the grate, one of said passages eing arv CARRIE L. Horwoon.

'Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the' Gommissioner'` of Patents,

Washington, D. C. .1 

